@article {588,
	title = {Academic spin-offs{\textquoteright} entrepreneurial teams and performance: a subgroups approach},
	journal = {Journal of Technology Transfer},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {714-733},
	publisher = {Springer New York LLC},
	abstract = {<p>Academic spin-offs{\textquoteright} entrepreneurial teams generally concentrate high levels of research and development experience while they are often found lacking in commercial skills. This prompts the integration of surrogate entrepreneurs (practitioners) but the literature questions the effectiveness of these artificially created teams. We argue that faultline theory applied to this context of different identity-based subgroups in a team can provide important insight, and complement the traditional approaches to top team diversity such as upper echelons theory. Our research compares the impact of the three main possible academic spin-off entrepreneurial team configurations on the two principal success-related tasks, innovation and sales, and considers the role important stakeholders, such as public research institutions and industrial partners, can have. In a sample of 164 academic spin-offs, we show that certain configurations are more suited to certain objectives and that faultline theory does indeed contribute to better our understanding of the entrepreneurial teams{\textquoteright} outcomes. Furthermore, the expectations one might have with regard to the extended entrepreneurial team as a possible remedy for weak core team configurations are not supported by our data. Implications for theory and practice are provided. {\textcopyright} 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.</p>
},
	keywords = {Academic spin-offs, Commercial performance, Diversity, Entrepreneurial teams, Faultline theory, Industrial research, Innovation, Societies and institutions},
	issn = {08929912},
	doi = {10.1007/s10961-017-9623-7},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029506376\&doi=10.1007\%2fs10961-017-9623-7\&partnerID=40\&md5=6c0b418a9a68daaec50147776448fdfa},
	author = {Ben-Hafa{\"\i}edh, C. and Micozzi, A. and Pattitoni, P.}
}
@article {589,
	title = {What are the trade-offs of academic entrepreneurship? An investigation on the Italian case},
	journal = {Journal of Technology Transfer},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {198-221},
	publisher = {Springer New York LLC},
	abstract = {<p>This study addresses the following research questions: what happens to the propensity to collaborate with other firms, once the researcher creates her own venture? Do her collaborations decrease or do they grow? These questions have been overlooked by the current literature, even though they carry important policy implications. Our key suggestion is that the effectiveness of a technology transfer tool can be better assessed by taking into account the possible crowding-out effects with other channels of knowledge transfer. We do so for Italy, by comparing the behavior of single researchers, before and after the establishment of their own firm, with the behavior of a control group. We assess whether those academics that founded their own firm significantly change their attitude to perform research collaborations with other firms by means of co-publication and co-patenting. We also verify whether creating a firm has an impact on the overall patenting and publication performance. Our results suggest that there is a negative effect on the overall publishing performance, while the patenting activity does not change significantly. Regarding co-publications, our results confirm the existence of a substitution effect between spin-offs and co-publication with firms, while we observe an increase in the case of co-patenting. A closer look at the data, however, suggests that the latter is mainly triggered by the patenting activity that the researcher performs with his or her own company. {\textcopyright} 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.</p>
},
	keywords = {Academic entrepreneurship, Behavioral research, Economic and social effects, Knowledge management, Patenting activities, Patents and inventions, Policy evaluation, Policy implications, Propensity score matching, Public policy, Publishing, Research collaborations, Spin off, Substitution effect, Technology Transfer},
	issn = {08929912},
	doi = {10.1007/s10961-016-9482-7},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84968547880\&doi=10.1007\%2fs10961-016-9482-7\&partnerID=40\&md5=2133632f90803ed24d87019494bbaefb},
	author = {Barbieri, E. and Rubini, L. and Pollio, C. and Micozzi, A.}
}
