@article {588, title = {Academic spin-offs{\textquoteright} entrepreneurial teams and performance: a subgroups approach}, journal = {Journal of Technology Transfer}, volume = {43}, year = {2018}, pages = {714-733}, publisher = {Springer New York LLC}, abstract = {

Academic spin-offs{\textquoteright} entrepreneurial teams generally concentrate high levels of research and development experience while they are often found lacking in commercial skills. This prompts the integration of surrogate entrepreneurs (practitioners) but the literature questions the effectiveness of these artificially created teams. We argue that faultline theory applied to this context of different identity-based subgroups in a team can provide important insight, and complement the traditional approaches to top team diversity such as upper echelons theory. Our research compares the impact of the three main possible academic spin-off entrepreneurial team configurations on the two principal success-related tasks, innovation and sales, and considers the role important stakeholders, such as public research institutions and industrial partners, can have. In a sample of 164 academic spin-offs, we show that certain configurations are more suited to certain objectives and that faultline theory does indeed contribute to better our understanding of the entrepreneurial teams{\textquoteright} outcomes. Furthermore, the expectations one might have with regard to the extended entrepreneurial team as a possible remedy for weak core team configurations are not supported by our data. Implications for theory and practice are provided. {\textcopyright} 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

}, keywords = {Academic spin-offs, Commercial performance, Diversity, Entrepreneurial teams, Faultline theory, Industrial research, Innovation, Societies and institutions}, issn = {08929912}, doi = {10.1007/s10961-017-9623-7}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029506376\&doi=10.1007\%2fs10961-017-9623-7\&partnerID=40\&md5=6c0b418a9a68daaec50147776448fdfa}, author = {Ben-Hafa{\"\i}edh, C. and Micozzi, A. and Pattitoni, P.} } @article {589, title = {What are the trade-offs of academic entrepreneurship? An investigation on the Italian case}, journal = {Journal of Technology Transfer}, volume = {43}, year = {2018}, pages = {198-221}, publisher = {Springer New York LLC}, abstract = {

This study addresses the following research questions: what happens to the propensity to collaborate with other firms, once the researcher creates her own venture? Do her collaborations decrease or do they grow? These questions have been overlooked by the current literature, even though they carry important policy implications. Our key suggestion is that the effectiveness of a technology transfer tool can be better assessed by taking into account the possible crowding-out effects with other channels of knowledge transfer. We do so for Italy, by comparing the behavior of single researchers, before and after the establishment of their own firm, with the behavior of a control group. We assess whether those academics that founded their own firm significantly change their attitude to perform research collaborations with other firms by means of co-publication and co-patenting. We also verify whether creating a firm has an impact on the overall patenting and publication performance. Our results suggest that there is a negative effect on the overall publishing performance, while the patenting activity does not change significantly. Regarding co-publications, our results confirm the existence of a substitution effect between spin-offs and co-publication with firms, while we observe an increase in the case of co-patenting. A closer look at the data, however, suggests that the latter is mainly triggered by the patenting activity that the researcher performs with his or her own company. {\textcopyright} 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

}, keywords = {Academic entrepreneurship, Behavioral research, Economic and social effects, Knowledge management, Patenting activities, Patents and inventions, Policy evaluation, Policy implications, Propensity score matching, Public policy, Publishing, Research collaborations, Spin off, Substitution effect, Technology Transfer}, issn = {08929912}, doi = {10.1007/s10961-016-9482-7}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84968547880\&doi=10.1007\%2fs10961-016-9482-7\&partnerID=40\&md5=2133632f90803ed24d87019494bbaefb}, author = {Barbieri, E. and Rubini, L. and Pollio, C. and Micozzi, A.} } @article {591, title = {Editorial}, journal = {International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, pages = {2-7}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.}, issn = {17566266}, doi = {10.1108/IJGE-01-2017-0004}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017208075\&doi=10.1108\%2fIJGE-01-2017-0004\&partnerID=40\&md5=cf75297534aa6002dffbd7b1a1c05af7}, author = {Micozzi, A.} } @article {590, title = {Entrepreneurial activity and education in Italy}, journal = {Industria}, volume = {38}, year = {2017}, pages = {385-409}, publisher = {Societa Editrice il Mulino}, abstract = {

The paper contributes to the empirical literature about the relationship between formal education attainments, specific entrepreneurship training and firm formation process. Data come from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (gem) survey, which collects information on business formation in many countries. After a validation check of gem entrepreneurship measures with Labour Force Survey{\textquoteright}s, the paper presents a descriptive comparative analysis of new firm formation process in Italy and other eu countries, looking at how it is related to gender, education, and other specific characteristics of the new firms. Results confirm anecdotic evidence: in Italy much has to be done to foster high-tech and high job growth entrepreneurship. gem 2008 survey gives a flavour of the diffusion of entrepreneurship training in Europe. Italy appears to lag behind other countries in this respect. Controlling for many factors, the empirical model tests the probability of becoming entrepreneur in Italy: it is estimated to be higher than in other countries, but higher education attainments are related to lower probabilities of starting a business. Moreover, specific entrepreneurship education in Italy results to negatively affect the starting-up decisions. {\textcopyright} 2017 Federico Butera e Fondazione Irso.

}, issn = {00197416}, doi = {10.1430/88850}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045927974\&doi=10.1430\%2f88850\&partnerID=40\&md5=bfdfd97596803e1d41cb62c43f34ca1c}, author = {Curci, N. and Micozzi, A.} } @book {593, title = {Fostering female entrepreneurship in academic spin-offs}, series = {University Evolution, Entrepreneurial Activity and Regional Competitiveness}, volume = {32}, year = {2016}, pages = {49-68}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {

We aim at analyzing female participation in Italian academic spin-offs using publically available data and a unique hand-collected database of all academic spin-offs set up in Italy from 2002 to 2007. We base our study on three complementary levels of analysis: macro, meso, and micro level. We show that the gender gap in academic spin-offs is relevant and that a certain degree of spatial heterogeneity-possibly reflecting cultural and environmental differences between Italian provinces-exists. Furthermore, our findings show a disadvantage of females in the startup funding phase: an unfavorable circumstance that reduces their chances of success and force them to create new businesses mainly in the service sector. Social relationships and empathy among females may help compensate their disadvantages and break down barriers to entrepreneurship. {\textcopyright} Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All rights are reserved.

}, isbn = {9783319177137; 9783319177120}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17713-7_3}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84955356582\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-319-17713-7_3\&partnerID=40\&md5=1e80ebb520c4d7c9d4ee7a8fd5d3130f}, author = {Micozzi, A. and Micozzi, F. and Pattitoni, P.} } @article {592, title = {Heterogeneity in entrepreneurial intent: the role of gender across countries}, journal = {International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, pages = {173-194}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.}, abstract = {

PurposeThis paper aims to improve knowledge of individual heterogeneity in affecting the entrepreneurial attitude, taking socioeconomic drivers under control thanks to a cross-country analysis. The authors operate a {\textquotedblleft}selection{\textquotedblright} of proxy for individual heterogeneity, mainly based on gender, demographical features, personal attitude and intrinsic motivation. Design/methodology/approachThis exploration is supported by an empirical analysis based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), for the period 2001-2012, and for a selection of 37 countries. It is expected that gender and further individual variables have an impact on the probability to become a nascent entrepreneur (e.g. age, level of education, self-confidence, social perception of self-employment as career choice). This paper evaluates the degree of consistency of these variables across very dissimilar countries. FindingsGender and confidence on own skill play a significant and consistent effect on the entrepreneurial attitude, so these personal features are, per se, the driving-strength of entrepreneurial intent. Conversely, fear of failure and belief on the status are not always statistically significant, or not homogenous in their relationship: socioeconomic or country-specific characteristics are strong and sort out in an unpredictable relationship between these variables and the willingness to run new ventures. Research limitations/implicationsA limited selection of individual features constrained by availability of information from the GEM data set. Practical implicationsThe motivation of this paper is to focus-back attention on intra-individual features that may affect entrepreneurship and to support evidence of whether individual heterogeneity is able to affect the entrepreneurial attitude, taking socioeconomic drivers under control. Social implicationsAn institutional and political commitment should be intensified to reduce the waste of opportunities that is associated with any forms of self-exclusion from entrepreneurship, such as those based on gender (being women) or (low) self-esteem. Originality/valueDue to the {\textquotedblleft}individual{\textquotedblright} perspective, this paper adds to previous studies that exploited the GEM data set because they mostly follow an institutional conceptual framework. {\textcopyright} 2016, {\textcopyright} Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

}, issn = {17566266}, doi = {10.1108/IJGE-06-2015-0021}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976540417\&doi=10.1108\%2fIJGE-06-2015-0021\&partnerID=40\&md5=2aa9986a18ff7c218d4fe8fb018efd3e}, author = {Micozzi, A. and Lucarelli, C.} }