@article {642,
	title = {Cost{\textendash}Benefit Analysis of Pumped Hydroelectricity Storage Investment in China},
	journal = {EU-China Energy Magazine},
	volume = {2022, Vol 2},
	year = {2022},
	month = {03/2022},
	publisher = {EU-China Energy Cooperation Platform},
	isbn = {9798201907341},
	url = {http://www.ececp.eu/en/eu-china-energy-magazine-2022-mar-issue-en/},
	author = {Sospiro, Paolo and Nibbi, Leonardo and Liscio, Marco Ciro and De Lucia, Maurizio}
}
@article {646,
	title = {Improving Pumped Hydro Storage Flexibility in China: Scenarios for Advanced Solutions Adoption and Policy Recommendations},
	journal = {Energies},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2022},
	abstract = {The decarbonisation targets of the People\&rsquo;s Republic of China are ambitious. Their achievement relies on the large-scale deployment of variable renewable energy sources (VRES), such as wind and solar. High penetration of VRES may lead to balancing problems on the grid, which can be compensated by increasing the shifting flexibility capacity of the system by integration with energy storage, e.g., by installing additional electricity storage. Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) is the most diffused electricity storage technology at the global level and the only fully mature solution for long-term electricity storage. China already has the highest PHS capacity installed worldwide and plans to increase it strongly before 2030. The present study, based on the data from the \&ldquo;Pumped Storage Tracking Tool\&rdquo; of the International Hydropower Association, investigates the potential for technological improvement of the existing and future PHS fleet in China. The aims of adopting advanced PHS solutions allow China to better cope with the task of balancing the VRES production. The potential for adopting advanced PHS solutions is evaluated through five different intervention possibilities (here referred to as scenarios). These scenarios consider revamping part of the operational Pumped Storage Plant (PSP) fleet and redesigning future installations that are already planned. As a result, considering all the major technical and authorisation process constraints, 4.0\% (5.2 GW) of the 132 GW fleet expected to be commissioned before 2035 could additionally adopt advanced PHS in a high-potential scenario. Meanwhile in the medium and low potential scenarios, the quota can reach 11.1\% (14.6 GW) and 26.2\% (34.5 GW), respectively. Furthermore, policy recommendations are elaborated to promote, facilitate, and support the adoption of these advanced PHS solutions.},
	issn = {1996-1073},
	doi = {10.3390/en15217918},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7918},
	author = {Nibbi, Leonardo and Sospiro, Paolo and De Lucia, Maurizio and Wu, Cheng-Cheng}
}
@booklet {Sospiro2021,
	title = {Cost-Benefit Analysis of Pumped Hydroelectricity Storage Investment in China},
	journal = {Energies},
	volume = {14},
	number = {24},
	year = {2021},
	abstract = {In this study, the energy scenario in China was analyzed by retracing the trend of exponential population growth, gross domestic product (GDP), and electricity production and consumption. A forecast up to 2050 was made based on the history and forecasts of other field studies. It was possible to deduce data on pollutants in terms of CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) emitted over time if there were no changes in the way energy was produced. Moreover, different scenarios were hypothesized for the use of pumped hydroelectricity storage plants, namely 4.5{\%}, 6{\%}, 8{\%}, 11{\%}, and 14{\%} (percentage of electricity compared to requirements in 2050), to balance variable renewable energy sources and avoid curtailment, thereby reducing the use of energy produced by coal-fired plants. For this implementation, direct and indirect costs and benefits were considered, with interesting results obtained from an economic standpoint and very positive results from environmental, social, and territorial perspectives.},
	keywords = {cost{\textendash}benefit analysis, electricity, pumped hydro storage, renewable energy sources},
	issn = {1996-1073},
	doi = {10.3390/en14248322},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248322},
	author = {Sospiro, Paolo and Nibbi, Leonardo and Liscio, Marco C. and De Lucia, Maurizio}
}
@proceedings {645,
	title = {Improving Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) Flexibility in China},
	journal = {International Conference on Applied Energy 2021},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2021},
	month = {12/2021},
	publisher = {Energy Proceedings},
	address = {Thailand/Virtual},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.46855/energy-proceedings-9783},
	url = {https://www.energy-proceedings.org/improving-pumped-hydro-storage-phs-flexibility-in-china/},
	author = {Nibbi, Leonardo and Sospiro, Paolo and De Lucia, Maurizio}
}
